The latitude of New York is taken as an arbitrary division for which allowances must be made for other localities.

THE SEASONS OF BIRDS IN THE VICINITY OF NEW YORK OR, APPROXIMATELY, OF THE FORTY-SECOND DEGREE OF LATITUDE

PERMANENT RESIDENTS

Hairy Woodpecker. Swamp Sparrow. Downy Woodpecker. Song Sparrow. Yellow-bellied Woodpecker. Cedar Bird. Red-headed Woodpecker. Cardinal. Flicker. Carolina Wren. Meadowlark. White-breasted Nuthatch. Prairie Horned Lark. Tufted Titmouse. Blue Jay. Chickadee. Crow. Robin. Fish Crow. Bluebird. English Sparrow. Goldfinch. Social Sparrow. Starling.

WINTER RESIDENTS AND VISITORS

BIRDS SEEN BETWEEN NOVEMBER AND APRIL

English Sparrow. Pine Grosbeak. Tree Sparrow. Redpoll. White-throated Sparrow. Greater Redpoll. Swamp Sparrow. Cedar Bird. Vesper Sparrow. Bohemian Waxwing. White-crowned Sparrow. Hairy Woodpecker. Fox Sparrow. Downy Woodpecker. Song Sparrow. Yellow-bellied Woodpecker. Snowflake. Flicker. Junco. Myrtle Warbler. Horned Lark. Northern Shrike. Meadowlark. White-breasted Nuthatch. Red-breasted Nuthatch. Goldfinch. Tufted Titmouse. Pine Siskin. Chickadee. Lapland Longspur. Robin. Smith's Painted Longspur. Bluebird. Evening Grosbeak. Ruby-crowned Kinglet. Cardinal. Golden-crowned Kinglet. Blue Jay. Brown Creeper. Red Crossbill. Carolina Wren. White-winged Crossbill. Winter Wren. Crow. Pipit. Fish Crow. Purple Finch. Kingfisher.

SUMMER RESIDENTS

BIRDS SEEN BETWEEN APRIL AND NOVEMBER

Mourning Dove. Red-winged Blackbird. Black-billed Cuckoo. Rusty Blackbird. Yellow-billed Cuckoo. Orchard Oriole. Kingfisher. Baltimore Oriole. Red-headed Woodpecker. Purple Grackle. Hairy Woodpecker. Bronzed Grackle. Downy Woodpecker. Crow. Yellow-bellied Woodpecker. Fish Crow. Flicker. Raven. Whippoorwill. Blue Jay. Nighthawk. Canada Jay. Chimney Swift. Chipping Sparrow. Ruby-throated Humming-bird. English Sparrow. Kingbird. Field Sparrow. Wood Pewee. Fox Sparrow. Phoebe. Grasshopper Sparrow. Acadian Flycatcher. Savanna Sparrow. Crested Flycatcher. Seaside Sparrow. Least Flycatcher. Sharp-tailed Sparrow. Olive-sided Flycatcher. Swamp Song Sparrow. Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. Song Sparrow. Say's Flycatcher. Vesper Sparrow. Bobolink. Rose-breasted Grosbeak. Cowbird. Blue Grosbeak. Indigo Bird. Yellow-breasted Chat. Scarlet Tanager. Maryland Yellowthroat. Purple Martin. Mocking-bird. Barn Swallow.; Catbird. Bank Swallow. Brown Thrasher. Cliff Swallow. House Wren. Tree Swallow. Carolina Wren. Rough-winged Swallow. Long-billed Marsh Wren. Red-eyed Vireo. Short-billed Marsh Wren. White-eyed Vireo. Alice's Thrush. Solitary Vireo. Hermit Thrush. Warbling Vireo.bsp; Olive-backed Thrush. Yellow-throated Vireo. Wilson's Thrush or Veery. Black-and-white Warbler. Wood Thrush. Black-throated Green Warbler. Meadowlark. Blue-winged Warbler. Western Meadowlark. Chestnut-sided Warbler. Prairie Horned Lark. Golden-winged Warbler. White-breasted Nuthatch. Hooded Warbler. Chickadee. Pine Warbler. Tufted Titmouse. Prairie Warbler. Chewink. Parula Warbler. Purple Finch. Worm-eating Warbler. Goldfinch. Yellow Warbler. Cardinal. Redstart. Robin. Ovenbird. Bluebird. Northern Water Thrush. Cedar-Bird. Louisiana Water Thrush. Loggerhead Shrike.

SPRING AND AUTUMN MIGRANTS ONLY, OR RARE SUMMER VISITORS
The following Warblers: Bay-breasted. Nashville. Blackburnian. Wilson's Black-capped. Black-polled. Palm. Black-throated Blue. Yellow Palm. Canadian. Magnolia. Blue-gray Gnatcatcher. Mourning. Summer Tanager. Myrtle.

MIGRATIONS OF BIRDS IN VICINITY OF NEW YORK

FEBRUARY 15 TO MARCH 15

Bluebird, Robin, the Grackles, Song Sparrow, Fox Sparrow, Red-winged Blackbird, Kingfisher, Flicker, Purple Finch.

MARCH 15 TO APRIL 1

Increased numbers of foregoing group; Cowbird, Meadowlark, Phoebe; the Field, the Vesper, and the Swamp Sparrows.

APRIL 1 TO 15

The White-throated and the Chipping Sparrows, the Tree and the Barn Swallows, Rusty Blackbird, the Red-headed and the Yellow-bellied Woodpeckers, Hermit Thrush, Ruby-crowned Kinglet, Pipit; the Pine, the Myrtle, and the Yellow Palm Warblers; Goldfinch.

APRIL 15 TO MAY 1

Increased numbers of foregoing group; Brown Thrasher; Alice's, the Olive-backed, and the Wood Thrushes; Chimney Swift, Whippoorwill, Chewink, the Purple Martin, and the Cliff and the Bank Swallows; Least Flycatcher; the Black-and-white Creeping, the Parula, and the Black-throated Green Warblers; Ovenbird, House Wren, Catbird.

MAY 1 TO 15

Increased numbers of foregoing group; Wilson's Thrush or Veery; Nighthawk, Ruby-throated Humming-bird, the Cuckoos, Crested Flycatcher, Kingbird, Wood Pewee, the Marsh Wrens, Bank Swallow, the five Vireos, the Baltimore and Orchard Orioles, Bobolink, Indigo Bird, Rose-breasted Grosbeak, Scarlet Tanager, Maryland Yellowthroat, Yellow-breasted Chat, the Water Thrushes; and the Magnolia, the Yellow, the Black-throated Blue, the Bay-breasted, the Chestnut-sided, and the Golden-winged Warblers.

MAY 15 TO JUNE 1.

Increased numbers of foregoing group; Yellow-bellied Flycatcher, Mocking-bird, Summer Tanager; and the Blackburnian, the Blackpoll, the Worm-eating, the Hooded, Wilson's Blackcapped, and Canadian Warblers.

JUNE, JULY, AUGUST

In June few species of birds are not nesting, in July they may rove about more or less with their increased families, searching for their favorite foods; August finds them moulting and moping in silence, but toward the end of the month, thoughts of returning southward set them astir again.

AUGUST 15 TO SEPTEMBER 15

Bobolink, Cliff Swallow, Scarlet Tanager, Yellow-bellied Flycatcher, Purple Martin; the Blackburnian, the Worm-eating, the Bay-breasted, the Chestnut-sided, the Hooded, the Mourning, Wilson's Black-capped, and the Canadian Warblers; Baltimore Oriole. Humming-bird.

SEPTEMBER 15 TO OCTOBER 1

Increased numbers of foregoing group; Wilson's Thrush, Wood Thrush, Kingbird, Wood Pewee, Crested Flycatcher; the Least, the Olive-sided, and the Acadian Flycatchers; the Marsh Wrens, the Cuckoos, Whippoorwill, Rose-breasted Grosbeak, Orchard Oriole, Indigo Bird; the Warbling, the Solitary, and the Yellow-throated Vireos; the Black-and-white Creeping, the Golden-winged, the Yellow, and the Black-throated Blue Warblers; Maryland Yellowthroat, Yellow-breasted Chat, Redstart.

OCTOBER 1 TO 15

Increased numbers of foregoing group; Hermit Thrush, Catbird, House Wren, Ovenbird, the Water Thrushes, the Red-eyed and the White-eyed Vireos, Wood Pewee, Nighthawk, Chimney Swift, Cowbird, Horned Lark, Winter Wren, Junco; the Tree, the Vesper, the White-throated, and the Grasshopper Sparrows; the Blackpoll, the Parula, the Pine, the Yellow Palm, and the Prairie Warblers; Chickadee; Tufted Titmouse.

OCTOBER 15 TO NOVEMBER 15

Increased numbers of foregoing group; Wood Thrush, Wilson's Thrush or Veery, Alice's Thrush, Olive-backed Thrush, Robin, Chewink, Brown Thrasher, Phoebe, Shrike; the Fox, the Field, the Swamp, the Savanna, the White-crowned, the Chipping, and the Song Sparrows; the Red-winged and the Rusty Blackbirds; Meadowlark, the Grackles, Flicker, the Red-headed and the Yellow-bellied Woodpeckers; Purple Finch, the Kinglets. the Nuthatches, Pine Siskin.